西班牙珍宝船队是指从16世纪开始，由西班牙组织的，定期往返于西班牙本土和其海外殖民地之间，运送贵金属和其他特产品的大型船队。运输的货物包括金银、宝石、香辣料、烟草、丝绸等。

珍宝船队通常包含有两支：一支是加勒比珍宝船队，由西班牙本土前往美洲新大陆（主要停泊港口包括哈瓦那、韦拉克鲁斯、波托韦洛、卡塔赫纳）。另一支则往返于亚洲菲律宾的马尼拉和墨西哥西岸的阿卡普尔科之间，被称为马尼拉船队，负责将亚洲的货物送到墨西哥。亚洲的货物到达墨西哥后会被集中运送到韦拉克鲁斯并最终由加勒比珍宝船队运回西班牙。

The Spanish treasure fleet, or West Indies Fleet from Spanish Flota de Indias, also called silver fleet or plate fleet (from the Spanish plata meaning "silver"), was a convoy system adopted by the Spanish Empire from 1566 to 1790, linking Spain with its territories in the Americas across the Atlantic. The convoys were general purpose cargo fleets used for transporting a wide variety of items, including agricultural goods, lumber, various metal resources, luxuries, silver, gold, gems, pearls, spices, sugar, tobacco, silk, and other exotic goods from the Spanish Empire to the Spanish mainland. Passengers and goods such as textiles, books and tools were transported in the opposite direction. The West Indies fleet was the first permanent transatlantic trade route in history. Similarly, the Manila galleons were the first permanent trade route across the Pacific.