特殊性发育障碍是一类特殊的学习障碍和相关的发育障碍。

第十版国际疾病与相关健康问题统计分类（ICD-10） 把特殊性发育障碍分为四类：特殊性语言发育障碍，特殊性学习能力发育障碍，特殊性运动功能发育障碍，混合型特殊性发育障碍。

Specific developmental disorders are disorders in which development is delayed in one specific area or areas, and in which basically all other areas of development are not affected. Specific developmental disorders are as opposed to pervasive developmental disorders that are characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including socialization and communication.