驱逐战车，又称坦克歼击车，为装甲战斗车辆的一种。英语的Tank destroyer或德语Jagdpanzer的中文翻译而成。

在反坦克火箭或反坦克导弹尚未开发的时候，面对重装甲的坦克仅能依靠大口径反坦克炮进行摧毁，但是拖曳式反坦克炮的运动性无法有效跟随机械化部队的作战协调，因此武器工程师设法将大口径反坦克炮搬上装甲车辆上，使得反坦克炮也可以跟随机械化部队运行机动作战，作战主要目的是「专门对付敌方的坦克」，因而称为「Tank destroyer」。

但是对于击毁坦克的方式各国有着不同想法，因此驱逐战车的设计出现了两种不同的概念：

A tank destroyer or tank hunter is a type of armoured fighting vehicle, armed with a direct-fire artillery gun or missile launcher, with limited operational capacities and designed specifically to engage enemy armoured vehicles.

Tanks are generally armoured fighting vehicles designed for front-line combat which combine operational mobility and tactical offensive and defensive capabilities and perform all primary tasks of the armoured troops on the battlefield; the tank destroyer on the other hand is specifically designed mainly for taking on enemy armour. Many have been based on a tracked tank chassis, while others are wheeled.