黄斑（en： macula或macula lutea，源自拉丁语macula，“斑”+lutea，“黄”），是人眼视网膜中央附近一卵圆形染色区域，直径约5.5mm。黄斑还可再细分为黄斑凸、黄斑凹、黄斑凹无血管区（foveal avascular zone，FAZ），中央凹、侧凹、周围凹等区域。死亡或眼球摘除后，黄斑呈黄色。而活体中此现象不可见，除非使用滤除红光的光源观察。解剖学黄斑直径5.5mm，比临床黄斑的1.5mm要大得多，而后者与解剖学中央凹相近。临床黄斑可经瞳孔由检眼镜或视网膜照相观察到。解剖学黄斑则定义为组织学上含有两层或以上神经节细胞的区域。

The macula or macula lutea (from Latin macula, "spot" + lutea, "yellow") is an oval-shaped pigmented area near the center of the retina of the human eye. It has a diameter of around 5.5 mm (0.22 in). The macula is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone (FAZ), fovea, parafovea, and perifovea areas. After death or enucleation (removal of the eye) the macula appears yellow, a color that is not visible in the living eye except when viewed with light from which red has been filtered. The anatomical macula at 5.5 mm (0.22 in) is much larger than the clinical macula which, at 1.5 mm (0.059 in), corresponds to the anatomical fovea. The clinical macula is seen when viewed from the pupil, as in ophthalmoscopy or retinal photography. The anatomical macula is defined histologically in terms of having two or more layers of ganglion cells.