皮耶·布迪厄（法语：Pierre Bourdieu，1930年8月1日－2002年1月23日），著名法国社会学大师、人类学家，和哲学家。《卫报》评价他为「许多人心目中的当代知名学者」，一位可与米歇尔·福柯、罗兰·巴特、雅各·拉冈等人齐名的思想家。国际社会学协会将他的著作《区隔：品味判断的社会批判》评定为20世纪最重要的十部社会学著作之一。布迪厄并不是一个出世的学者。承左拉和萨特的衣钵，他积极投身社会运动，招来不少争议。

布迪厄开创了许多调查架构和术语，如文化资本、社会资本和符号资本，以及惯习、场域或位置，以及象征暴力等概念，以揭示在社会生活中的动态权力关系。他的作品强调实践与体现（embodiment）在社会动态和世界观的建构所扮演的角色或其型态，经常处在反对普世化的西方哲学传统的立场。他的理论基础创建在路德维希·维根斯坦、莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂、埃德蒙德·胡塞尔、乔治·康居朗、卡尔·马克思、加斯东·巴舍拉、马克斯·韦伯、艾弥尔·涂尔干、欧文·潘诺夫斯基以及牟斯。值得一提的是布莱兹·帕斯卡对他的影响，布迪厄将他的讨论群命名为「帕斯卡学派沉思者」（Pascalian Meditations）。

Pierre Bourdieu (French: [buʁdjø]; 1 August 1930 – 23 January 2002) was a sociologist, anthropologist, philosopher, and renowned public intellectual.

Bourdieu's work was primarily concerned with the dynamics of power in society, and especially the diverse and subtle ways in which power is transferred and social order maintained within and across generations. In conscious opposition to the idealist tradition of much of Western philosophy, his work often emphasized the corporeal nature of social life and stressed the role of practice and embodiment in social dynamics. Building upon the theories of Martin Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Edmund Husserl, Georges Canguilhem, Karl Marx, Gaston Bachelard, Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Erwin Panofsky, and Marcel Mauss (among others), his research pioneered novel investigative frameworks and methods, and introduced such influential concepts as cultural, social, and symbolic forms of capital (as opposed to traditional economic forms of capital), the cultural reproduction, the habitus, the field or location, and symbolic violence. Another notable influence on Bourdieu was Blaise Pascal, after whom Bourdieu titled his Pascalian Meditations. Bourdieu's major contributions to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence in several related academic fields (e.g. anthropology, media and cultural studies, education), popular culture, and the arts.