多齿米虾（学名：Caridina multidentata），又称大和藻虾、大河沼虾、日本米虾。为匙指虾科米虾属的一个品种，属于咸水虾，生活在干净的溪流里，可作为自然环境的生物指标，体长约2至7公分，属夜行性动物。为黑壳虾经人工繁殖之改良品种，其表面颜色偏向银色或灰色，具观赏价值。

多齿米虾的学名在2006年由「Caridina japonica」改为「Caridina multidentata」。

Caridina multidentata, also known as Yamato shrimp or Amano shrimp, is a species of shrimp found in Japan and parts of Korea and ******. It has a translucent body covered with reddish brown points of ± 0.3 mm on their sides which may look like a broken line of reddish colour. The dorsal surface has a white stripe that runs from the head to the tail and the eyes are black. Females are easily distinguished from males from the more elongated lower row of dots lining the body. According to different sources, Caridina multidentata was introduced into the world of aquaria by Takashi Amano in the early 1980s. They are usually used in an aquarium because they feed primarily on algae, thus cleaning the aquarium if in large numbers. Caridina multidentata was previously known to aquarists as Caridina japonica but was renamed Caridina multidentata following a study in 2006.