阿斯克勒庇厄斯（希腊语：Ἀσκληπιός，拉丁化：Asklēpiós），是古希腊神话中的医神，在古罗马神话中被称为埃斯库拉庇乌斯（拉丁语：Aesculapius），他是太阳神阿波罗之子，他的女儿许癸厄亚、伊阿索（Iaso）、阿刻索（Aceso）、阿格赖亚（Aglaea）、帕那刻亚则是主管清洁、医疗和医药的女神。

古希腊医师，手持蛇杖，「医学之父」希波克拉底，将医学独立于巫术，对临床医学贡献极大，并创医师誓词，相传希波克拉底为阿斯克勒庇俄斯之后裔。传说冥王哈帝斯以天雷杀死阿斯克勒庇厄斯后，宙斯将其灵魂升上天空并化身成蛇夫座。

Asclepius (/æsˈkliːpiəs/; Greek: Ἀσκληπιός, Asklēpiós [asklɛːpiós]; Latin:Aesculapius) was a hero and god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology. Asclepius represents the healing aspect of the medical arts; his daughters are Hygieia ("Hygiene", the goddess/personification of health, cleanliness, and sanitation), Iaso (the goddess of recuperation from illness), Aceso (the goddess of the healing process), Aglæa/Ægle (the goddess of beauty, splendor, glory, magnificence, and adornment), and Panacea (the goddess of universal remedy). He was associated with the Roman/Etruscan god Vediovis and the Egyptian Imhotep. He was one of Apollo's sons, sharing with Apollo the epithet Paean ("the Healer"). The rod of Asclepius, a snake-entwined staff, remains a symbol of medicine today. Those physicians and attendants who served this god were known as the Therapeutae of Asclepius.