在计算机科学中，系统资源（英语：system resource），或是资源（英语：resource），意指是一个电脑系统中，限制其运算能力的任何实体或是虚拟的组成组件。任何链接到电脑系统中的设备，都是一个资源，例如键盘、屏幕等。电脑系统内部的任何组件都是资源，如CPU，RAM。电脑系统中的软件虚拟组件，包括文件，网络连接与内存区块等，都是一种资源。

系统资源的概念，最早源自于计算资源，两者有关联性，但在定义上不同。电脑系统中，负责资源管理与分配的功能，称为资源管理。

In computing, a system resource, or simply resource, is any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. Every device connected to a computer system is a resource. Every internal system component is a resource. Virtual system resources include files (concretely file handles), network connections (concretely network sockets), and memory areas. Managing resources is referred to as resource management, and includes both preventing resource leaks (releasing a resource when a process has finished using it) and dealing with resource contention (when multiple processes wish to access a limited resource).