零和博弈（英语：Zero-Sum Game），又称零和游戏或零和赛局，与非零和博弈相对，是博弈论的一个概念，属非合作博弈。零和博弈表示所有博弈方的利益之和为零或一个常数，即一方有所得，其他方必有所失。在零和博弈中，博弈各方是不合作的。非零和博弈表示在不同策略组合下各博弈方的得益之和是不确定的变量，故又称之为变和博弈。如果某些战略的选取可以使各方利益之和变大，同时又能使各方的利益得到增加，那幺，就可能出现参加方相互合作的局面。因此，非零和博弈中，博弈各方存在合作的可能性。国际经济中许多问题都属于非零和博弈问题，即国际经济中各方的利益并不是必然相互冲突的。

In game theory and economic theory, a zero-sum game is a mathematical representation of a situation in which each participant's gain (or loss) of utility is exactly balanced by the losses (or gains) of the utility of the other participant(s). If the total gains of the participants are added up and the total losses are subtracted, they will sum to zero. Thus cutting a cake, where taking a larger piece reduces the amount of cake available for others, is a zero-sum game if all participants value each unit of cake equally (see marginal utility).