Changes in these genes lead to abnormal cell growth resulting in masses of tissues called tumors.

这些基因的改变会导致细胞生长异常，从而导致组织的大量出现，这就是肿瘤。

Usually, leukemia involves the production of abnormal white blood cells, the cells responsible for fighting infection.

通常，白血病涉及异常白细胞的产生，这种细胞负责对抗感染。

However, the abnormal cells in leukemia did not function in the same way as normal white blood cells.

然而，白血病中的异常细胞与正常白细胞的功能不同。

Abnormal cell division can occur either when active oncogenes are expressed or when tumor suppressor genes are lost.

当活性癌基因表达或肿瘤抑制基因丢失时，可发生异常细胞分裂。

Here is how it would work: tiny particles from the pill are programmed to spread throughout the body and latch on to abnormal cells.

药丸中的粒子会扩散到身体的各个部位并了解病变细胞的状况。

A score of 1 represents normal, well differentiated cells, and a score of 5 represents highly abnormal cells that barely resemble the normal prostate tissue.

1分代表正常、分化良好的细胞，而5分代表完全不像正常细胞的高度异型细胞。

Things can go wrong with our immune system for sure, like allergies or autoimmune conditions and failure to catch abnormal cells.

我们的免疫系统肯定会出现问题，例如过敏或自身免疫性疾病以及无法捕获异常细胞。

Women over 21 can undergo a regular pap smear, where a sample of tissue is gently scraped from the lining of the cervix to test for abnormal cells.

21岁以上的女性可进行常规的子宫抹片检查，在这项检查中，医生会轻轻刮下宫颈内膜上的一层组织作为样本。

The first T cell lymphoma is adult T-cell lymphoma, but it's sometimes referred to as a leukemia because the abnormal white blood cells or leukocytes often get into the bloodstream.

第一类T细胞淋巴瘤是成人T细胞淋巴瘤，但有时也被认为是白血病，因为异常的白细胞经常进入血液。

Abnormal cell division can also be caused by viruses. In this case, genes may be normal, but the protein may not function normally because the cell contains a cancer-producing virus.

异常细胞分裂也可能由病毒引起。在这种情况下，基因可能是正常的，但蛋白质可能无法正常发挥作用，因为细胞含有产生肿瘤的病毒。

The scale goes from I to IV based on the morphologic and functional features of the tumor cells; a grade IV tumor being the most abnormal looking cells that also tend to be the most aggressive.

基于肿瘤细胞的形态和功能特征，分为从I级到IV级；细胞形态最为异常的IV级肿瘤也往往最有侵袭性。

There are also circulating T cells, which are another type of lymphocyte that move between the lymph nodes, lymph, and blood on the lookout for pathogens and infected or abnormal cells that have been tagged by antibodies.

也有循环中的T细胞，这是另一类在淋巴结、淋巴和血液之间移动的淋巴细胞，负责侦查被抗体标记的病原体、被感染或异常细胞。

Changes in these genes lead to abnormal cell growth, resulting in masses of tissues called Tumors. Tumors may be benign, meaning that they remain in one area; or malignant, which means that they are capable of spreading.

这些基因的变化导致细胞生长异常，结果会产生大量叫做“肿瘤”的组织。肿瘤可能是良性的，这意味着它们仅保持在一个区域；肿瘤也可能是恶性的，这意味着它们能够传播。