Numerous efforts were made to prevail upon the Supreme Court of the United States to declare such laws unconstitutional;but the Court, usually on technical grounds, avoided coming to a direct decision on the merits of the matter.

——美国最高法院做出了无数努力， 宣布此类法律违宪； 但法院通常出于技术原因，避免就此事的是非曲直作出直接裁决。