Scientists then apply the polymerase chain reaction or PCR, which uses artificial DNA strands called universal primers.

接着科学家们应用聚合酶链式反应，简称 PCR，使用一种被称为通用引物的人工合成 DNA 链。

The two scientists created a new molecule called guide RNA, which can be easily customized to mirror any DNA strand.

这两位科学家创造了一种名为“向导RNA”的新分子，可以很容易地复制任何DNA链。

In some experiments, the arm's movement was stopped short by DNA strands sticking up perpendicularly from the platform.

在一些实验中，手臂的运动被从平台上垂直竖起的 DNA 链短暂地停止了。

Then they examined the letter looking for the DNA strand.

然后他们检查了这封信，寻找 DNA 链。

Once the DNA strand was located, they found the genetic markers.

一旦找到了 DNA 链，他们就找到了遗传标记。

A billion times smaller than you, clearly the boss of our body is a DNA strand, containing all the information making your life possible.

显然，比你小十亿倍的DNA是我们身体的主宰，它包含了你所有的生物信息。

These bases are linked together by a backbone made of sugars and phosphates to form a DNA strand.

这些碱基通过由糖和磷酸盐构成的主链连接在一起， 形成 DNA 链。

So during extension, we heat everything back up to 72 degrees, and Taq polymerase latches onto the primers, grabs some free nucleotides, and assembles the new DNA strands.

所以在延伸的过程中，我们将所有的物质加热到72度，Taq聚合酶结合在引物上抓取游离核苷酸，并组装新的DNA链。

In their 1953 paper describing the double-helical nature of DNA strands, Rosalind Franklin, with the help of James Watson and Francis Crick, well, they, they changed everything.

在 1953 年描述 DNA 链的双螺旋性质的论文中，罗莎琳德富兰克林在詹姆斯沃森和弗朗西斯克里克的帮助下，嗯， 他们改变了一切。

In 2012, UK scientists encoded 739 kilobytes of computer files into DNA strands, including all 154 Shakespeare sonnets and an excerpt from Martin Luther King's " I Have a Dream" speech.

2012 年，英国科学家将 739 KB 的计算机文件编码成 DNA 链，其中包括所有 154 首莎士比亚十四行诗和马丁路德金的“我有一个梦想”演讲的摘录。

Additionally, the two DNA strands also have a " direction" - meaning, one of them runs from the 3' end to the 5' end, while the other one runs from the 5' end to the 3' end.

除此之外，这两条DNA链还有“方向”，意味着它们中一条从3'末端向5'末端延伸，但另一条从5'末端向3'末端延伸。